Abstract: The case report describes the treatment of an 18 year old female girl who came to the Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics in Dr. R Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, with class I molar relation & bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. The orthodontic treatment included extraction of 1st premolars in all the four quadrants of her maxillary and mandibular dentitions followed by retraction using MBT SYSYTEM. The total active treatment time was about 18 months. Her tooth alignment and profile were significantly improved by the orthodontic treatment. The 6 month posttreatment records show a stable occlusion and satisfactory facial esthetics.

Abstract: A special needs child is an individual who has been determined to require special attention and specific necessities that other children do not. The prevalence of malocclusion is higher in these patients but they usually are denied of treatment for their physical and developmental disabilities. Orthodontic treatment can provide significant esthetic and functional benefits to affected individual which contributes greatly to individual's self esteem and lead to significant improvement in well being. However there are some important considerations while planning and providing orthodontic care to children with special needs. Orthodontic treatment plan should be individualized and developed keeping the child's strengths and weakness insight.

Abstract: Oral medicine is rapidly changing with new technology. By harnessing digital tools and molecular insights, dentistry is developing next-generation clinical techniques for the early detection of oral cancer, periodontal disease, and tooth caries, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Early disease detection is a key focus, with non-invasive methods like fluorescence spectroscopy gaining ground. Saliva is showing promise as a diagnostic tool in systemic and oral illness diagnostic tests. Furthermore, AI is improving diagnostics through image analysis. A novel system that integrates these two technologies, known as DNA chip technology, may be useful for medical and dental diagnostics. Emerging diagnostic methods are reviewed for each of the three primary oral disease processes, with a focus on how they can be useful to 21st-century practicing dentists.

Abstract: Probiotics and oral health is an emerging concept. Probiotics are the live micro-organisms which when administered has a beneficiary effect on host, these probiotics are isolated and experimented, studied for use in the treatment of many diseases related to the intestine, where a imbalance in the normal floral have caused the disease, hence these can be reversed and treated by the probiotics. The similar kind of imbalance occurs in oral micro-floral and its environment, resulting in dental caries, periodontal disease and candidal infections, hence application of these probiotic have shown beneficial in prevention as well as in treatment of disease. A condition halitosis is also preventable by the usage of probiotics, our review focus on the probiotics and mechanism by which these help in prevention and reduction of oral disease incidence and severity.

Abstract: Congenitally missing anterior teeth pose both functional and psycological problem in young children. Treatment of congenitally missing anterior teeth is difficult due to constant growth and change of the orofacial structures in young patients but it is necessary social and physiological development. If the missing spaces are complicated by drifting of the adjacent teeth the the treatment becomes more complicated. Different treatment modalities have been tried for treating such cases including both removable partial dentures and implants having both advantages and disadvantages. Here is a case report of a 9 year old boy complaining of a wide midline diastema developed due to distal migration of upper central incisors in the space of congenitally missing lateral incisors. The boy was having difficulty in speech and was feeling socially awkward due to the unaesthetic frontal appearance. 2×2 sectional fixed orthodontics was used to close the diastema and removable partial denture was used to replace the missing lateral incisors. Both functionality and aesthetic was restored.

Abstract: Ankyloglossia also known as tongue tie is a condition that restricts tongue movement due to abnormal attachment, shortness in length or size of the lingual frenum. In this article we have reported an 8 year old child with ankyloglossia who complains of restricted tongue mobility and difficulty in articulation and pronunciation of some words. So it was decided to perform frenectomy under local anesthesia. Even though management of ankyloglossia is controversial, early surgical intervention especially in this case may give better results in terms of improvement of speech.

Abstract: Gender discrimination was a problem and it continues to be a problem today. Gender bias is as prevalent in dentistry as it is in other workplaces. This study is being conducted to determine the Gender preferences by the patients seeking Dental Treatment in a tertiary teaching-based hospital located in Sodepur, Kolkata. This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted over a period of 2 months (June - July 2023) on patients visiting to the hospital were approached who were aged 18 years & above and able to read Bengali/Hindi/English. The results shows that there was no such significant gender preference in patient. Majority 80.34% give more priority to the skill of the operator 9.93% have chosen male operator and 9.73% have chosen female operator. But in some aspects like treatment of their own offspring or sharing medical history, some chosen female over male.

Abstract: The dental pulp is a sterile connective tissue, which gets inflammed, by dental caries or traumatic dental injuries or non-carious loss of tooth structure, which results in development of pulpal infection, inflammation, and peri apical pathosis. Peri apical pathologies include Peri apical abscess, Peri apical Granuloma, Peri apical cyst. The differentiation of these is done radiographically, but radiographic diagnosis is not a confirmatory. Hence, all the peri apical pathologies are termed as peri apical lesions. Non-surgical endodontic therapy is the first treatment modality for treating such a lesion. Where the use of endodontic irrigants, and calcium hydroxide with iodoform intra canal medicament have shown a successful repair and regeneration of the peri apical tissue. In this case series in all the cases use of 2% chlorohexidine solution was done to prevent the adherence and colonisation of the microbes apart from other irrigating solutions. The calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste use as a intracanal medicament for 6 months which have shown a successful healing of the peri apical pathology. This case series emphasize on use of 2% chlorohexidine irrigating solution, and radiographic representation of healing of peri apical lesion with calcium hydroxide with iodoform intracanal medicament.